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In 1711 St Omer, on the verge of surrendering because of famine, was saved by the daring of Jacqueline Robin, who risked her life to bring provisions into the town. Finally in 1677, after seventeen days' siege, Louis XIV forced the town to capitulate and the peace of Nijmegen permanently confirmed the conquest and its annexation by France. During the Thirty Years' War, the French attacked in 1638 (under Cardinal Richelieu) and 1647. The French made futile attempts against the town between 1551-96. King Henry VIII of England employed a swordsman from Saint-Omer for the execution of Queen Anne Boleyn, rather than having a queen consort beheaded with the common axe. In 1493 the town became part of the Low Countries and under Spanish dominion for more than 170 years. In 1340 a large battle was fought in the town's suburbs between an Anglo-Flemish army and a French one under Eudes IV, Duke of Burgundy, in which the Flemish force was forced to withdraw. In 1127 the town received a communal charter from William Clito, count of Flanders. Godfrey de Saint-Omer, a Flemish knight and one of the founding members of the Knights Templar in 1119, is said to have come from the family of the Lords of Saint-Omer. In 1071 Philip I and Count Arnulf III of Flanders were defeated at St Omer by Robert the Frisian. Situated on the borders of territories frequently disputed by French, Flemish, English and Spaniards, St Omer long continued subject to siege and military invasions.
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Ten years later the town and monastery had built fortified walls and were safe from their attack.
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The Normans laid the place waste about 860 and 880. In the 9th century, the village that grew up round the monasteries took the name of St Omer. Rivalry and dissension, which lasted till the French Revolution, soon sprang up between the two monasteries, becoming especially virulent when in 1559 St Omer became a bishopric and Notre-Dame was raised to the rank of cathedral. Omer, bishop of Thérouanne, in the 7th century established the Abbey of Saint Bertin, from which that of Notre-Dame was an offshoot. Saint-Omer first appeared in the writings during the 7th century under the name of Sithiu (Sithieu or Sitdiu), around the Saint-Bertin abbey founded on the impulsion of Audomar (Audomarus, Odemaars or Omer). Below its walls, the Aa connects with the Neufossé Canal, which ends at the Lys River. The canalised portion of the river Aa begins at Saint-Omer, reaching the North Sea at Gravelines in northern France. The town is named after Saint Audomar, who brought Christianity to the area. It is a commune and sub-prefecture of the Pas-de-Calais department 68 km (42 mi) west-northwest of Lille on the railway to Calais. 2 Population without double counting: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once. Coordinates: Lua error in Module:Coordinates at line 668: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found.ġ French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.